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This page displays the COHERENT manpage for ls [List directory's contents].
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ls -- Command List directory's contents ls [-abCcdFfgilmnopqRrstux] [file ... ] The command ls prints information about each file. Normally, ls sorts its output by file name and prints only the name of each file. If a directory name is given as an argument, ls sorts and lists its contents, not including `.' and `..'. If no file is named, ls lists the contents of the current directory. The following options control how ls sorts and displays its output: -a Print all directory entries, including `.', `..', any hidden files, and volume ID's. -b Print non-graphic characters in octal. -C Print the output in multi-column format, sorted down the columns. -c Print the time the files' attributes were last changed. -d Treat directories as if they were files. -F Print a `/' after the name of each directory, and print an `*' after each executable file. -f Force each argument to be treated as a directory. This disables the - lrst options and sorting, and enables the -a option. -i Print the i-number of each file. -l Print information in long format. The fields give mode bits, link count, owner uid, owner gid, size in bytes, date, and file name. For special files, major and minor device numbers replace the size field. -m ``Stream'' the output horizontally across the screen, with each file name separated by a comma. -n Same as -l, except the group identifiers and user identifiers are numbers rather than names. -o Same as -l, except that the group id is not printed. -p Print a `/' after each directory name. -q Print non-graphics characters as `?'. -r Reverse the sense of the sort. -R Recursively print directories. -s Print the size in blocks of each file. -t Sort by time, newest first. -u Sort by the access time. -x Print multicolumn output, sorted across the columns. This resembles the output of the command lc. The date ls prints with the -l and -t options is the modification time, unless the -c or -u option is used as well. The mode field in the long list format consists of ten characters. The first character will be one of the following: - Regular file b Block special file c Character special file d Directory p Pipe x Bad entry (remove it immediately!) The remaining nine characters are permission bits, in three sets of three characters each. The first set pertains to the owner of the file, the second to users from the owner's group, and the third to users from other groups. Each set may contain three characters from the following. r The file can be read s Set effective user ID or group ID on execution t Shared text is sticky w The file can be written x The file is executable - No permission is given Links COHERENT includes several commands that are links to ls and its options, to make it easier for you to use the various features of ls. The following table gives each command and the form of ls to which it is linked: l ls -l lf ls -CF lr ls -CR lx ls -x See Also chmod, commands, l, lc, lf, lr, lx, stat